Compiler

A compiler is a computer program used to translate source code into machine code, bytecode, or another programming language. The computer processor can then execute the instructions.

The source code is written by a developer in a language such as Java or C++. After translation, the machine code consists solely of zeros and ones (binary bits).

Functionality and Use

A compiler operates in several phases: First, the code is broken down into smaller units. Next, the structure is analyzed and a syntax tree is constructed. During this process, the compiler checks whether the code conforms to the grammatical rules of the programming language and is logically correct. Additionally, the code is optimized, for example, to improve performance. Finally, the machine code is generated.

Examples

• Developer compiles a C++ program before running it as an executable file
• Java application is first compiled into bytecode and then optimized at runtime by a JIT compiler
• Game is built using an AOT compiler to achieve maximum performance on the target platform
• Embedded system uses a compiler to translate code for specific hardware